Prof R Balakrishnan – [2023] 153 taxmann.com 619 (Article)
1. Financial statements and their filing with the Registrar of Companies
Every company incorporated under the Companies Act is required to prepare its financial statements, get the same audited and thereafter along with the board report containing the particulars, are required to get it approved by the shareholders of the company. Thereafter, the company is required to submit the same to the Registrar of Companies in the specified format in the stipulated period of time. In case, financial statements are not adopted for some reason, the Companies Act 2013, also spelled out the procedure for filing unadopted financial statements as well.
Financial statements basically consist of the balance sheet at the end of the financial year, a profit and loss account or in the case of a company carrying on any activity, not for profit, an income and expenditure account for the financial year along with auditors’ report and cash flow statement for the financial year amongst few other things. As per Section 137 of the Companies Act 2013, read with Rule 12 of Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014, the financial statements are required to be filed in the prescribed form AOC-4 XBRL by every company annually within the prescribed time limit along with all the mandatory attachments.
2. Relevant provisions of the Companies Act 2013
The relevant provisions under the Companies Act 2013 is section 137 (1) and as per this section – A copy of the financial statements, including consolidated financial statement, if any, along with all the documents that are required to be or attached to such financial statements under this Act, duly adopted at the annual general meeting of the company, should be filed with the Registrar of Companies within thirty days of the date of the annual general meeting in such manner, with such fees or additional fees as may be prescribed.
3. Sub-section 40 of section 2 of the Companies Act 2013
Financial statement in relation to a company, includes
(i) a balance sheet as at the end of the financial year;
(ii) a profit and loss account, or in the case of a company carrying on any activity not for profit, an income and expenditure account for the financial year;
(iii) cash flow statement for the financial year;
(iv) a statement of changes in equity, if applicable; and
(v) any explanatory note annexed to, or forming part of, any document referred to in sub-clause (i) to sub-clause and Provided that the financial statement, with respect to One Person Company (OPC), small company and dormant company, may not include the cash flow statement.
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